Which plant hormone is known to promote fruit ripening?

Ethylene is the plant hormone known for its critical role in promoting fruit ripening. This gaseous hormone triggers the ripening process by regulating a variety of physiological changes in fruits. For example, ethylene stimulates the breakdown of cell wall components, enhances the production of enzymes involved in ripening, and accelerates the conversion of starches to sugars, leading to sweetness in fruits.

Ripening is supported by ethylene's ability to elicit a series of biochemical transformations, including increased respiration and changes in color due to the breakdown of chlorophyll and the synthesis of pigments. This hormone can be produced in response to stress signals or as a natural part of the ripening process and can also affect surrounding fruits by triggering their ripening through a process known as the "ethylene response."

Understanding the unique role of ethylene helps in agricultural practices, such as managing harvest timing and controlling ripening in storage and transport, which is crucial for maximizing market quality and minimizing food waste.