What is the term for the process where a segment of a chromosome reattaches to another chromosome?

The term for the process where a segment of a chromosome reattaches to another chromosome is translocation. This refers to a genetic rearrangement that occurs when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Translocation can lead to changes in gene expression or function and is significant in various biological processes, including evolution and cancer development.

The remaining terms represent different biological concepts. Transversion refers to a type of mutation where a purine is swapped for a pyrimidine or vice versa. Transformation is a process by which genetic material is taken up by a cell, leading to a change in the genetic characteristics of the recipient cell. Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template and does not involve the movement or rearrangement of chromosome segments. Understanding these distinctions is key in genetics and molecular biology, emphasizing the importance of the translocation process in chromosome dynamics.